Publications
* Gray AT. Ultrasound-guided Regional Anesthesia: Current State
of the Art. Anesthesiology. 2006 Feb;104(2):368-73. This review
summarizes the latest developments in the field of nerve imaging
for ultrasound guided regional block.
Soong J, Schafhalter-Zoppoth I, Gray AT. The importance of
transducer angle to ultrasound visibility of the femoral nerve.
Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2005 Sep-Oct;30(5):505. This letter describes
estimation of the anisotropy of the femoral nerve and its importance
to femoral nerve block with ultrasound guidance.
Schafhalter-Zoppoth I, Gray AT. The musculocutaneous nerve:
ultrasound appearance for peripheral nerve block. Reg Anesth
Pain Med. 2005 Jul-Aug;30(4):385-90. This imaging article describes
the characteristic lateral course and shape changes of the musculocutaneous
nerve in the axilla. These observations have functional implications
for peripheral block.
Gray AT. Role of ultrasound in startup regional anesthesia
practice for outpatients. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2005 Summer;43(3):69-78.
This article critically reviews the role of ultrasound guidance
in regional anesthesia procedures in an ambulatory care setting.
Gray AT, Huczko EL, Schafhalter-Zoppoth I. Lateral popliteal
nerve block with ultrasound guidance. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2004
Sep-Oct;29(5):507-9. In this letter the lateral in plane approach
to popliteal block is described.
Schafhalter-Zoppoth I, McCulloch CE, Gray AT. Ultrasound visibility
of needles used for regional nerve block: an in vitro study.
Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2004 Sep-Oct;29(5):480-8. Needle tip visibility
is of paramount importance for the success and safety of regional
blocks with ultrasound guidance. This article reports visibility
measurements under a variety of conditions relevant to regional
block.
Schafhalter-Zoppoth I, Younger SJ, Collins AB, Gray AT. The 'seesaw' sign:
improved sonographic identification of the sciatic nerve. Anesthesiology.
2004 Sep;101(3):808-9. Erratum in: Anesthesiology. 2005 Jan;102(1):248.
This letter describes the use of nerve motion to enhance the
identification of nerves of the lower extremity.
** Gray AT, Collins AB, Schafhalter-Zoppoth I. An introduction
to femoral nerve and associated lumbar plexus nerve blocks under
ultrasonic guidance. Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain
Management 2004; 8:155-63. (featured on the cover of the issue)
(video component online at journal's website) This review describes
approaches to lumbar plexus blockade using ultrasound imaging.
The entire issue of this journal was dedicated to ultrasound
guidance for regional blockade.
Schafhalter-Zoppoth I, Gray AT. Ultrasound-guided ulnar nerve
block in the presence of a superficial ulnar artery. Reg Anesth
Pain Med. 2004 May-Jun;29(3):297-8. Anatomic variation can be
a source of difficulty for surface based approaches to regional
block. This letter describes one common anatomic variant.
Gray AT, Collins AB, Schafhalter-Zoppoth I. Sciatic nerve block
in a child: a sonographic approach. Anesth Analg. 2003 Nov;97(5):1300-2.
This case report describes sonoanatomy of the sciatic nerve in
the posterior thigh and relevant considerations for pediatric
blocks. Although there were prior reports of the sonographic
anatomy of the sciatic nerve, this described utilization of ultrasound
for sciatic nerve block.
Gray AT, Schafhalter-Zoppoth I. Ultrasound guidance for ulnar
nerve block in the forearm. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2003 Jul-Aug;28(4):335-9.
This imaging article describes sonographic and anatomic considerations
for ulnar nerve block in the forearm. Many principles of neural
imaging for regional block are discussed.
Gray AT, Collins AB. Ultrasound-guided saphenous nerve block.
Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2003 Mar-Apr;28(2):148. This letter describes
a new ultrasound guided approach to saphenous nerve block near
the tibial tuberosity. This anesthetic procedure is highly important
for surgical procedures about the ankle.
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